What is the difference between nafs and ruh?

In Islamic theology and spirituality, "nafs" and "ruh" refer to distinct aspects of the human being. Nafs: The term "nafs" is often translated as "self" or "ego." It represents the lower self, encompassing desires, inclinations, and the individual's lower nature. The nafs is associated with worldly desires, selfishness, and base instincts. It can manifest as greed, anger, envy, and other negative traits. It is considered to be the source of human weaknesses and the inclination towards sinful behavior. Islam emphasizes the need for individuals to purify and control their nafs through self-discipline and spiritual development. Ruh: The term "ruh" is commonly translated as "soul" or "spirit." It represents the divine essence within each individual, a higher, transcendent aspect. The ruh is considered to be a gift from Allah (God) and is eternal. It is associated with life, consciousness, and the capacity to connect with the divine. The ruh is viewed as the source of higher faculties, such as intellect, morality, and spiritual awareness. It is through the ruh that individuals can strive for closeness to Allah and spiritual enlightenment. While the nafs and ruh are distinct concepts, they interact and influence each other within a person's spiritual journey. The struggle between the nafs and ruh is seen as an ongoing internal battle, with the goal being the elevation of the ruh over the nafs. By purifying and disciplining the nafs, individuals can strengthen their connection with the ruh and strive for spiritual growth.